一般而言,我们要存取资料库需要透过SQL语法,但在django则是使用ORM技术来存取资料库,
django提供新增、删除、修改、搜寻的方法给开发者,语法简单且可防止SQL injection。
物件关联对映(Object-relational mapping, ORM),是一种程序设计技术,用於实现物件导向程序语言里不同类型系统的资料之间的转换。从效果上说,它其实是建立了一个可在程序语言里使用的「虚拟物件资料库」。如今已有很多免费和付费的ORM产品,而有些程序设计师更倾向於建立自己的ORM工具。
参考资料:维基百科-ORM
首先我们先在stock/templates/stock下建立一个stockCreate.html
stock/templates/stock/stockCreate.html
{% extends 'main/base.html' %}
{% block heading %}股票-新增{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<form class="inlineBlock" method="post" action="{% url 'stock:stockCreate' %}">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>名称:<input type="text" name="stockname" value="" required></p>
<p>股价:<input type="text" name="stockprice" value="" required></p>
<p>简介:<input type="text" name="stockcontent" value="" required></p>
<input class="btn" type="submit" value="新增">
</form>
{% endblock %}
stock/views.py 加入套件与函式
import套件:
from django.contrib import messages
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect <-新增这个
def stockCreate(request):
stockCreatetemplate = 'stock/stockCreate.html'
if request.method == 'GET':
return render(request, stockCreatetemplate)
stockname = request.POST.get('stockname')
if stockname:
stockname = stockname.strip()
if not stockname:
return redirect('stock/stockCreate')
stockprice = request.POST.get('stockprice')
if stockprice:
stockprice = stockprice.strip()
if not stockprice:
return redirect('stock/stockCreate')
stockcontent = request.POST.get('stockcontent')
if stockcontent:
stockconetnt = stockcontent.strip()
if not stockcontent:
return redirect('stock/stockCreate')
Stock.objects.create(name=stockname, price=stockprice, content=stockcontent)
messages.success(request, '新增成功!')
return redirect('stock:stock')
stock/urls.py的urlpatterns加入以下路径
path('stockCreate/', views.stockCreate, name='stockCreate')
stock/templates/stock/stock.html中的{% for stock in stocks %}区块替换成以下
{% for stock in stocks %}
<div align="left">
<form style="display:inline" method="post" action="{% url 'stock:stockDelete' stock.id %}">
{% csrf_token %}
<input class="btn" type="submit" value="删除">
</form>
<div>
<h3>名称:{{ stock.name }}</h3>
<p>当前股价:{{ stock.price }}</p>
<p>简介:{{ stock.content }}<p>
<hr>
</div>
</div>
{% endfor %}
stock/views.py
最上方既有的django.shortcuts再 import 一个 get_object_or_404
def stockDelete(request, stockId):
stock = get_object_or_404(Stock, id=stockId)
stock.delete()
messages.success(request, '删除成功!')
return redirect('stock:stock')
stock/urls.py的urlpatterns加入以下路径
path('stockDelete/<int:stockId>/', views.stockDelete, name='stockDelete')
这里的int:stockId是用来传递参数的。
第一步於templates/stock 下建立一个stockSearch.html
这里我们用范本标签的写法,因为有可能会有多个地方会用到搜寻这个功能,所以我们将搜寻表单独立一个html,再透过{% include 'stock/stockSearch.html' %}放到我们需要用的地方。
stock/templates/stock/stockSearch.html
<form action="{% url 'stock:stockSearch' %}">
<input type="text" placeholder="输入关键字" name="searchTerm" {% if searchTerm %}value="{{ searchTerm }}"{% endif %}>
<input class="btn" type="submit" value="查询">
</form>
stock/templates/stock/stock.html
...
<h2>{{ stock }}</h2>
{% include 'stock/stockSearch.html' %} <-加到这里
<div align="right">
...
stock/views.py加入以下code
def stockSearch(request):
searchTerm = request.GET.get('searchTerm')
stocks = Stock.objects.filter(Q(name__icontains=searchTerm)|
Q(price__icontains=searchTerm)|
Q(content__icontains=searchTerm))
context = {'stock':'stock page','stocks':stocks, 'searchTerm':searchTerm}
return render(request, 'stock/stock.html', context)
stock/urls.py的urlpatterns加入以下路径
path('stockSearch/', views.stockSearch, name='stockSearch')
stock/templates/stock 下建立stockUpdate.html
stock/templates/stock/stockUpdate.html
{% extends 'main/base.html' %}
{% block heading %}股票-修改{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<form class="inlineBlock" method="post" action="{% url 'stock:stockUpdate' stock.id %}">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>名称:<input type="text" name="stockname" value="{{stock.name}}" required></p>
<p>股价:<input type="text" name="stockprice" value="{{stock.price}}" required></p>
<p>简介:<input type="text" name="stockcontent" value="{{stock.content}}" required></p>
<input class="btn" type="submit" value="修改">
</form>
{% endblock %}
stock/views.py
def stockUpdate(request, stockId):
stock = get_object_or_404(Stock, id=stockId)
template = 'stock/stockUpdate.html'
if request.method == 'GET':
context={'stock':stock
}
return render(request, template,context)
stockname = request.POST.get('stockname')
stockprice = request.POST.get('stockprice')
stockcontent = request.POST.get('stockcontent')
stock.name=stockname
stock.price=stockprice
stock.content=stockcontent
stock.save()
messages.success(request, '修改成功!')
return redirect('stock:stock')
stock/urls.py的urlpatterns加入以下路径
path('stockUpdate/<int:stockId>/', views.stockUpdate, name='stockUpdate')
...为筛选条件
Stock.objects.all()
Stock.objects.get(...)
Stock.objects.filter(...)
Stock.objects.exclude(...)
Stock.objects.order_by(...)
Stock.objects.filter(...).order_by(...)
stock = Stock.objects.get(...)
stock.delete()
...为资料表各栏位资料
1.Stock.objects.create(...)
2.stock = Stock()
stock.name="台积电"
stock.price=670
..
stock.save()
stock = Stock.objects.get(...)
stock.name="台积电"
stock.price=670
..
stock.save()
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